Zorunluluk Ve Olumsallık Bağlamında Insan Doğası Üzerine Bir Soruşturma: Spinoza, Marx, Foucault

Abstract

In this thesis, human nature, which has remained problematic for almost all the times, is examined in the context of two general categories: “necessity” and “contingency”. The investigation aims to show whether the necessity and contingency can be the two essential principle of the “life” that is taken as the best criterion in the investigation of the human nature as a movement that includes all the forms of movement factually. By this way it can be understood to what extent the human is determined or/and free. Also it can be detected that as the extent of human nature determined it is same, and as the extent of naturally free it is different.With this perspective, in the first chapter it is indicated that human nature has two-sided appearance which can be described as “natural” and “possible”. The human seems to act as a determined being in the terms of her/his natural aspect due to principle of necessity and as a free being in the terms of her/his in the terms of her/his possible a