Ionosphere is an anisotropic, dispersive and inhomogenous region of atmosphere whose spatio-temporal trends have an important affect on satellite based systems and HF communication. The variability in the temporal and ...

Ionosphere has a great importance on radio wave propagation. Thanks to the high electron density it contains, it forms reflective ionosphere layers. Ionosphere enables High Frequency (HF) Communication by reflecting radio ...

High frequency (HF) electromagnetic wave propagation is important for long distance communication. In HF, the medium for wave propagation is the ionosphere layer of the atmosphere. Ionosphere, which is composed of ...