Tissue cultures as disease models are indispensable research tools in the preclinical studies. Two-dimensional (2D) culture that composed in the monolayer form cannot bear the extracellular interactions of the natural ...

In this thesis, a method for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria was developed using Raman techniques and Raman mapping methods. Firstly, gold nanorod particles were synthesized and subsequently surface ...