The aim of this study is to research whether or not the attitude items towards sciences in PISA 2015 student questionnaire including differential item functioning (DIF) in terms of language and culture. Generalized Mantel ...

In this study, it was aimed to whether relationship between the item difficulties with Differential Item Functioning (DIF) according to gender in the TIMSS 2015 mathematics test and DIF coefficients of these items or not. ...